With an overflow of electronic notebooks and laptops in the online consumer market almost on a daily basis now, one often feels a bit confused when deciding for the most suitable laptop in accordance with his budget limitations. If you are caught up in the same tense situation, chances are that you will probably end up buying a notebook at an expensive cost only because it possesses a certain added feature. Here, discount deals and money saving offers can help you save a great deal of your money. Looking to buy a laptop this holiday season? Want to give your son the notebook he has been saving money for since long? Look no further than Dell Laptop Deals to grab the best of technology with affordability within your reach.
Laptops and notebooks offered by Dell are not only reliable but also loaded with well integrated and modern features catering to everyone's needs and demands. It doesn't matter for which purpose you want to buy a laptop for, Dell offers something for everyone on both personal and professional grounds. Technology comes with its own issues and often we find ourselves scratching our heads in despair when our laptop or notebook starts acting up. Providing excellent customer services and easy troubleshooting facilities, Dell has always stood out among its competitors. These laptops consist of all the necessary features including an internal wireless LAN card, Wi-Fi connectivity options, USB ports, Audio/Video ports, memory card slots, fire wire ports, Bluetooth and much more. Having everything rolled into one complete laptop deal package has been ensured by Dell and this is the reason people prefer these laptops more than any other retailer online offering the same services and products.
In today's progressive world of technology, laptops and computers are considered more than just a simple computing machine. They practically control and manage our lives. You can create and store important documentation, receive and send information over the web and give yourself an entertaining experience by visiting different shopping and social networking websites with just a single click. With Dell Laptop Deals, you can get instant savings ranging from 10% to 50% off the actual price. Moreover, it also offers exclusive promotional offers as the upcoming Black Friday approaches near.
Now, you can save up to 20% during the holiday season on your desired laptop or notebook with every feature you need on daily basis. Just trawl the web carefully and grab the most appropriate deal which suits your budget. Special holiday offer on Dell Laptops also include free shipping services if you make a purchase of more than $599 or more. It's a limited time offer so hurry up; select your favorite laptop from a diverse range of Dell Vostro, Dell Inspiron and much more.
Using discount codes offered by Dell is a simple affair. Just grab the code online against the notebook or laptop of your choice. At the checkout stage, use that code and take hold of amazing bargains along with free delivery services, free laptop accessories and user manuals. Sounds pretty neat right? So, go ahead and give yourself and your loved ones a surprise treat with the best online laptop deals offered by Dell this holiday season.
Rachel Angel is a Marketing Manager of MyVoucherCodes.co.uk and markets different Dell Laptop Deals. She has a vast experience in marketing and trading industries and has been helping buyers and guiding clients about the discount codes.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Rachel_Angel
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Minggu, 05 Desember 2010
Senin, 22 November 2010
Books Scanning - The Way to Preserve Them for the Future
Scanning a book is the process of converting content of a physical book
into electronic texts and images. A book can also be converted into an e-book
through scanning process, book scanning enables the reader to read the book on
the screen. Scanned book can be accessed or retrieved easily whenever required.
Scanning the book also helps to preserve it securely free from mold, vermin, and
insects for any number of years. These insects can easily eat up the protein and
starch component present in the paper and can spoil your precious book
completely or leave it damaged and unfit for reading.
Most common file
formats used in the scanning book are DjVu, Portable Document Format (PDF) and
Tagged Image File (TIFF). Raw images and text can be converted using Optical
Character Recognition (OCR) into ANSII text or any other format of choice. It
reduces the file size completely and enables the user to edit any documents
easily.
Scanning a book is easy only if you are well aware of the
techniques. If you do not have enough knowledge in scanning then book scanning
could turn to be a nightmare. Book scanning is completely different from the
document scanning. If you want to scan a book effectively then you have to
understand thoroughly the major differences between ordinary scanning and book
scanning. The eight differences includes book thickness, curved pages, see
through image, text boxes and captions, pictures and graphics, spell checking,
page number and headers, title, sub titles and keywords.
You can leave
the document on scanner and press the scan button and save the scanned page as a
file to your computer system directly. But this is completelly different story
with Non-destructive way of book scanning. Whenever you are scanning you are
taking an electronic picture of the page. This can be done by implementing a
dedicated Book
Scanners.
By scanning you can turn your decade old books into
electronic document and preserve it for any number of years. Scanned books also
can be turned into e-books and you can read while on the move or share with your
friend easily. You can also safe guard your old books from accidental fire or
flood.
To find out more about Book
Scanners and how we can help to scan your books, visit us at http://www.VancouverScanning.com
into electronic texts and images. A book can also be converted into an e-book
through scanning process, book scanning enables the reader to read the book on
the screen. Scanned book can be accessed or retrieved easily whenever required.
Scanning the book also helps to preserve it securely free from mold, vermin, and
insects for any number of years. These insects can easily eat up the protein and
starch component present in the paper and can spoil your precious book
completely or leave it damaged and unfit for reading.
Most common file
formats used in the scanning book are DjVu, Portable Document Format (PDF) and
Tagged Image File (TIFF). Raw images and text can be converted using Optical
Character Recognition (OCR) into ANSII text or any other format of choice. It
reduces the file size completely and enables the user to edit any documents
easily.
Scanning a book is easy only if you are well aware of the
techniques. If you do not have enough knowledge in scanning then book scanning
could turn to be a nightmare. Book scanning is completely different from the
document scanning. If you want to scan a book effectively then you have to
understand thoroughly the major differences between ordinary scanning and book
scanning. The eight differences includes book thickness, curved pages, see
through image, text boxes and captions, pictures and graphics, spell checking,
page number and headers, title, sub titles and keywords.
You can leave
the document on scanner and press the scan button and save the scanned page as a
file to your computer system directly. But this is completelly different story
with Non-destructive way of book scanning. Whenever you are scanning you are
taking an electronic picture of the page. This can be done by implementing a
dedicated Book
Scanners.
By scanning you can turn your decade old books into
electronic document and preserve it for any number of years. Scanned books also
can be turned into e-books and you can read while on the move or share with your
friend easily. You can also safe guard your old books from accidental fire or
flood.
To find out more about Book
Scanners and how we can help to scan your books, visit us at http://www.VancouverScanning.com
View more Free Content by vanscan at GetYourContent.com
Make some cash, Post your articles to our free Article Directory today!
Senin, 15 November 2010
What Is Functional Programming
Functional programming should not be confused with imperative (or procedural) programming. Neither is it like object oriented programming. It is something different. Not radically so, since the concepts that we will be exploring are familiar programming concepts, just expressed in a different way. The philosophy behind how these concepts are applied to solving problems is also a little different.
Functional programming is all about expressions. In fact another way to describe FP might be to term it expression oriented programming since in FP everything reduces to an expression. You should recall that an expression is a collection of operations and variables that results in a single value. Thus x == 5 is a boolean expression. 5 + (7-Y) is an arithmetic expression. And "Hello world".uppercase() is a string expression. The latter is also a function call (Or more strictly a method call) on the string object "Hello world" and, as we shall see, functions are very important in FP (You might already have guessed that from the name!).
Functions are used as objects in FP. That is they are often passed around within a program in much the same way as other variables. We have seen examples of this in our GUI programs where we assigned the name of a function to the command attribute of a Button control. We treated the event handler function as an object and assigned a reference to the function to the Button. This idea of passing functions around our program is key to FP.
Functional Programs also tend to be heavily List oriented.
Finally FP tries to focus on the what rather than the how of problem solving. That is, a functional program should describe the problem to be solved rather than focus on the mechanism of solution. There are several programming languages which aim to work in this way, one of the most widely used is Haskell and the Haskell web site ( www.haskell.org) has numerous papers describing the philosophy of FP as well as the Haskell language. (My personal opinion is that this goal, however laudable, is rather overstated by FP's advocates.)
A pure functional program is structured by defining an expression which captures the intent of the program. Each term of the expression is in turn a statement of a characteristic of the problem (maybe encapsulated as another expression) and the evaluation of each of these terms eventually yields a solution.
Well, that's the theory. Does it work? Yes, sometimes it works very well. For some types of problem it is a natural and powerful technique. Unfortunately for many other problems it requires a fairly abstract thinking style, heavily influenced by mathematical principles. The resultant code is often far from readable to the layman programmer. The resultant code is also very often much shorter than the equivalent imperative code and more reliable.
It is these latter qualities of conciseness and reliability that have drawn many conventional imperative or object oriented programmers to investigate FP. Even if not embraced whole heartedly there are several powerful tools that can be used by all.
Functional programming is all about expressions. In fact another way to describe FP might be to term it expression oriented programming since in FP everything reduces to an expression. You should recall that an expression is a collection of operations and variables that results in a single value. Thus x == 5 is a boolean expression. 5 + (7-Y) is an arithmetic expression. And "Hello world".uppercase() is a string expression. The latter is also a function call (Or more strictly a method call) on the string object "Hello world" and, as we shall see, functions are very important in FP (You might already have guessed that from the name!).
Functions are used as objects in FP. That is they are often passed around within a program in much the same way as other variables. We have seen examples of this in our GUI programs where we assigned the name of a function to the command attribute of a Button control. We treated the event handler function as an object and assigned a reference to the function to the Button. This idea of passing functions around our program is key to FP.
Functional Programs also tend to be heavily List oriented.
Finally FP tries to focus on the what rather than the how of problem solving. That is, a functional program should describe the problem to be solved rather than focus on the mechanism of solution. There are several programming languages which aim to work in this way, one of the most widely used is Haskell and the Haskell web site ( www.haskell.org) has numerous papers describing the philosophy of FP as well as the Haskell language. (My personal opinion is that this goal, however laudable, is rather overstated by FP's advocates.)
A pure functional program is structured by defining an expression which captures the intent of the program. Each term of the expression is in turn a statement of a characteristic of the problem (maybe encapsulated as another expression) and the evaluation of each of these terms eventually yields a solution.
Well, that's the theory. Does it work? Yes, sometimes it works very well. For some types of problem it is a natural and powerful technique. Unfortunately for many other problems it requires a fairly abstract thinking style, heavily influenced by mathematical principles. The resultant code is often far from readable to the layman programmer. The resultant code is also very often much shorter than the equivalent imperative code and more reliable.
It is these latter qualities of conciseness and reliability that have drawn many conventional imperative or object oriented programmers to investigate FP. Even if not embraced whole heartedly there are several powerful tools that can be used by all.
What IS ASP .Net?
Beginners Introduction to ASP.NET
Introduction
ASP.NET is the new offering for Web developers from the Microsoft .It is not simply the next-generation of ASP; in fact, it is a completely re-engineered and enhanced technology that offers much, much more than traditional ASP and can increase productivity significantly.
Because it has evolved from ASP, ASP.NET looks very similar to its predecessor�but only at first sight. Some items look very familiar, and they remind us of ASP. But concepts like Web Forms, Web Services, or Server Controls gives ASP.NET the power to build real Web applications.
Looking Back : Active Server Pages (ASP)
Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side scripting technology. ASP is a technology that Microsoft created to ease the development of interactive Web applications. With ASP you can use client-side scripts as well as server-side scripts. Maybe you want to validate user input or access a database. ASP provides solutions for transaction processing and managing session state. Asp is one of the most successful language used in web development.
Problems with Traditional ASP
There are many problems with ASP if you think of needs for Today's powerful Web applications.
1. Interpreted and Loosely-Typed Code
ASP scripting code is usually written in languages such as JScript or VBScript. The script-execution engine that Active Server Pages relies on interprets code line by line, every time the page is called. In addition, although variables are supported, they are all loosely typed as variants and bound to particular types only when the code is run. Both these factors impede performance, and late binding of types makes it harder to catch errors when you are writing code.
2. Mixes layout (HTML) and logic (scripting code)
ASP files frequently combine script code with HTML. This results in ASP scripts that are lengthy, difficult to read, and switch frequently between code and HTML. The interspersion of HTML with ASP code is particularly problematic for larger web applications, where content must be kept separate from business logic.
3. Limited Development and Debugging Tools
Microsoft Visual InterDev, Macromedia Visual UltraDev, and other tools have attempted to increase the productivity of ASP programmers by providing graphical development environments. However, these tools never achieved the ease of use or the level of acceptance achieved by Microsoft Windows application development tools, such as Visual Basic or Microsoft Access. ASP developers still rely heavily or exclusively on Notepad.
Debugging is an unavoidable part of any software development process, and the debugging tools for ASP have been minimal. Most ASP programmers resort to embedding temporary Response. Write statements in their code to trace the progress of its execution.
4. No real state management
Session state is only maintained if the client browser supports cookies. Session state information can only be held by using the ASP Session object. And you have to implement additional code if you, for example, want to identify a user.
5. Update files only when server is down
If your Web application makes use of components, copying new files to your application should only be done when the Web server is stopped. Otherwise it is like pulling the rug from under your application's feet, because the components may be in use (and locked) and must be registered.
6. Obscure Configuration Settings
The configuration information for an ASP web application (such as session state and server timeouts) is stored in the IIS metabase. Because the metabase is stored in a proprietary format, it can only be modified on the server machine with utilities such as the Internet Service Manager. With limited support for programmatically manipulating or extracting these settings, it is often an arduous task to port an ASP application from one server to another.
ASP.NET (Active Server Pages) is server side scripting technology that enables scripts to be executed on the web server (IIS).The IIS is component of Windows Server like windows 2000 and XP Professional. The extension for Classic ASP is ".asp" but for ASP.Net the extension is ".ASPX". An ASP.NET Page can contain HTML, XML and scripts.
In simple web page transaction when a browser request a web page, the server in return the HTML file where as in ASP.NET case, the browser request for the ASP.NET page, this request goes to the web server, the web server will pass the this to the ASP.NET engine after the engine will parse the script in the ASP.NET page, convert it to the HTML page and send back to the client's browser
The latest is ASP.NET 2.0 that support new features and controls like
1). Different language support
2). Event Driven
3). Programmable Controls
4). User authentication and other controls
5). Easily deployable
The ASP.NET contains a large number of HTML controls; these controls can be easily managed by the scripts. As earlier mentioned it is event driven, means different events like Load, Click etc are handled by codes.
Another important thing is the complied codes, means at first request; the pages will be complied on the server and keep a cache in the memory. It will help in increased performance.
The configuration in ASP.NET can be done through plain text files. Above article will make you familiar with basic things of ASP.NET
Introduction
ASP.NET is the new offering for Web developers from the Microsoft .It is not simply the next-generation of ASP; in fact, it is a completely re-engineered and enhanced technology that offers much, much more than traditional ASP and can increase productivity significantly.
Because it has evolved from ASP, ASP.NET looks very similar to its predecessor�but only at first sight. Some items look very familiar, and they remind us of ASP. But concepts like Web Forms, Web Services, or Server Controls gives ASP.NET the power to build real Web applications.
Looking Back : Active Server Pages (ASP)
Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side scripting technology. ASP is a technology that Microsoft created to ease the development of interactive Web applications. With ASP you can use client-side scripts as well as server-side scripts. Maybe you want to validate user input or access a database. ASP provides solutions for transaction processing and managing session state. Asp is one of the most successful language used in web development.
Problems with Traditional ASP
There are many problems with ASP if you think of needs for Today's powerful Web applications.
1. Interpreted and Loosely-Typed Code
ASP scripting code is usually written in languages such as JScript or VBScript. The script-execution engine that Active Server Pages relies on interprets code line by line, every time the page is called. In addition, although variables are supported, they are all loosely typed as variants and bound to particular types only when the code is run. Both these factors impede performance, and late binding of types makes it harder to catch errors when you are writing code.
2. Mixes layout (HTML) and logic (scripting code)
ASP files frequently combine script code with HTML. This results in ASP scripts that are lengthy, difficult to read, and switch frequently between code and HTML. The interspersion of HTML with ASP code is particularly problematic for larger web applications, where content must be kept separate from business logic.
3. Limited Development and Debugging Tools
Microsoft Visual InterDev, Macromedia Visual UltraDev, and other tools have attempted to increase the productivity of ASP programmers by providing graphical development environments. However, these tools never achieved the ease of use or the level of acceptance achieved by Microsoft Windows application development tools, such as Visual Basic or Microsoft Access. ASP developers still rely heavily or exclusively on Notepad.
Debugging is an unavoidable part of any software development process, and the debugging tools for ASP have been minimal. Most ASP programmers resort to embedding temporary Response. Write statements in their code to trace the progress of its execution.
4. No real state management
Session state is only maintained if the client browser supports cookies. Session state information can only be held by using the ASP Session object. And you have to implement additional code if you, for example, want to identify a user.
5. Update files only when server is down
If your Web application makes use of components, copying new files to your application should only be done when the Web server is stopped. Otherwise it is like pulling the rug from under your application's feet, because the components may be in use (and locked) and must be registered.
6. Obscure Configuration Settings
The configuration information for an ASP web application (such as session state and server timeouts) is stored in the IIS metabase. Because the metabase is stored in a proprietary format, it can only be modified on the server machine with utilities such as the Internet Service Manager. With limited support for programmatically manipulating or extracting these settings, it is often an arduous task to port an ASP application from one server to another.
ASP.NET (Active Server Pages) is server side scripting technology that enables scripts to be executed on the web server (IIS).The IIS is component of Windows Server like windows 2000 and XP Professional. The extension for Classic ASP is ".asp" but for ASP.Net the extension is ".ASPX". An ASP.NET Page can contain HTML, XML and scripts.
In simple web page transaction when a browser request a web page, the server in return the HTML file where as in ASP.NET case, the browser request for the ASP.NET page, this request goes to the web server, the web server will pass the this to the ASP.NET engine after the engine will parse the script in the ASP.NET page, convert it to the HTML page and send back to the client's browser
The latest is ASP.NET 2.0 that support new features and controls like
1). Different language support
2). Event Driven
3). Programmable Controls
4). User authentication and other controls
5). Easily deployable
The ASP.NET contains a large number of HTML controls; these controls can be easily managed by the scripts. As earlier mentioned it is event driven, means different events like Load, Click etc are handled by codes.
Another important thing is the complied codes, means at first request; the pages will be complied on the server and keep a cache in the memory. It will help in increased performance.
The configuration in ASP.NET can be done through plain text files. Above article will make you familiar with basic things of ASP.NET
Jumat, 15 Oktober 2010
A Simple Computer Software Definition
What is Software?
Software is a set of instruction written to interface between man and machine.
Who writes this instructions?
Programmers writes this instructions.
How the programmers write the instructions /software?
They use computer languages to write software applications.
Software can be divided into three main categories:
Languages
Applications
Operating Systems (OS)
LANGUAGE:
It is one of the software type, use to write extensive applications and operating systems It did not contains any limitations in programming. By using the languages you can write any thing for a computer.
For instance just imagine a language like a piece of cloth with that you want to make a shirt or paint curtain for windows or door, than you will take that cloth to the tailor and have him made for you or if you know tailoring you can stitch it at home.
Where as: Cloth is Computer Language
Tailor is Computer programmer
Shirt/Paint is Computer application
Example of languages are:
C
C++
Fortran
Cobol
Pascal
Perl
Assembly Language
Machine Language
Java
APPLICATION:
Software applications are user friendly and most of the time it is custom made for the end-user. Because it serving a specific purpose so it is having its own limits and bounds. It will not work beyond its bounding, for example if you want design picture in a word editor you may not able to get the result according to your desire.
Following are the different categories of applications
- Database Applications
- Front End Applications
- Reports Applications
- Word Editors
- Spread Sheets Editors
- Application for presentation
- Graphics Designing Application
- CAD designing Application
- Computer Games
- SCADA Applications
Some of the popular Applications are:
Oracle
MSoffice (Word,Excel,Access,PowerPoint,Outlook, etc.)
VB
VC++
Autocad
OPERATING SYSTEM:
This is the interface between user and computer or man and machine. This is the main and mandatory software in computer. Without Operating System (OS) computer will never starts. It is the mediator between you as an user and computer.
Think that you are suppose to talk to a person who does not understand your language. What you will do in this situation? Off course you take the help of person who knows both yours and other person's language, he is the mediator. And that's what the computer Operating System is doing.
It is very interesting that the thing from which OS has comes out still require OS to run on. In other words all languages and applications require a platform which is nothing but OS. So that conclusion on any computer first should have OS than you can have language or application on it.
Example of some of the Operating Systems:
Windows
Unix
Apple Mach
Ban
VMS
RS
OS2
IRIX
AIX
HP-UX
I hope you like this article. I am trying my best to provide you the simplest information.
Please feel free to comment. Your suggestions and comments are appreciated and helps me to improve the quality of the information.
Author is the owner of Computer Learning Center website.
Where people learn basic and advance computers.
Also they learn about how to make money by using their
home based computers.
From the Desk of Mohammed Amerullah Qureshi
amer@7jj7.com
http://www.7jj7.com/learn
Software is a set of instruction written to interface between man and machine.
Who writes this instructions?
Programmers writes this instructions.
How the programmers write the instructions /software?
They use computer languages to write software applications.
Software can be divided into three main categories:
Languages
Applications
Operating Systems (OS)
LANGUAGE:
It is one of the software type, use to write extensive applications and operating systems It did not contains any limitations in programming. By using the languages you can write any thing for a computer.
For instance just imagine a language like a piece of cloth with that you want to make a shirt or paint curtain for windows or door, than you will take that cloth to the tailor and have him made for you or if you know tailoring you can stitch it at home.
Where as: Cloth is Computer Language
Tailor is Computer programmer
Shirt/Paint is Computer application
Example of languages are:
C
C++
Fortran
Cobol
Pascal
Perl
Assembly Language
Machine Language
Java
APPLICATION:
Software applications are user friendly and most of the time it is custom made for the end-user. Because it serving a specific purpose so it is having its own limits and bounds. It will not work beyond its bounding, for example if you want design picture in a word editor you may not able to get the result according to your desire.
Following are the different categories of applications
- Database Applications
- Front End Applications
- Reports Applications
- Word Editors
- Spread Sheets Editors
- Application for presentation
- Graphics Designing Application
- CAD designing Application
- Computer Games
- SCADA Applications
Some of the popular Applications are:
Oracle
MSoffice (Word,Excel,Access,PowerPoint,Outlook, etc.)
VB
VC++
Autocad
OPERATING SYSTEM:
This is the interface between user and computer or man and machine. This is the main and mandatory software in computer. Without Operating System (OS) computer will never starts. It is the mediator between you as an user and computer.
Think that you are suppose to talk to a person who does not understand your language. What you will do in this situation? Off course you take the help of person who knows both yours and other person's language, he is the mediator. And that's what the computer Operating System is doing.
It is very interesting that the thing from which OS has comes out still require OS to run on. In other words all languages and applications require a platform which is nothing but OS. So that conclusion on any computer first should have OS than you can have language or application on it.
Example of some of the Operating Systems:
Windows
Unix
Apple Mach
Ban
VMS
RS
OS2
IRIX
AIX
HP-UX
I hope you like this article. I am trying my best to provide you the simplest information.
Please feel free to comment. Your suggestions and comments are appreciated and helps me to improve the quality of the information.
Author is the owner of Computer Learning Center website.
Where people learn basic and advance computers.
Also they learn about how to make money by using their
home based computers.
From the Desk of Mohammed Amerullah Qureshi
amer@7jj7.com
http://www.7jj7.com/learn
Senin, 04 Oktober 2010
HTML - The Language Of The Virtual World
HTML is the programming language that has been instrumental in bringing about this revolution called 'Internet'. 'HTML' fascinates a lot of people. There are people who want to learn HTML in order to try their hands at developing awebsite on their own. For the website designers and developers, HTML is their bread and butter. They use HTML to bring websites to life. This community of programmers and developers is also in constant search of new HTML techniques that will enhance their skills further.
The use of HTML can be judged by the fact that thousands of websites are launched everyday on the internet (and all websites use HTML in some way). Another gauge of the popularity of HTML is the fact that there are several books on HTML available in the market and there are several websites that discuss and teach HTML. For example, www.html-code-pulse.be is a website that brings together all the resources and information on HTML. In fact, this website really justifies its name "HTML code pulse".
In computing, HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language designed for the creation of web pages with hypertext and other information to be displayed in a web browser. HTML is used to structure information - denoting certain text as headings, paragraphs, lists and so on - and can be used to describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of a document. HTML's grammar structure is the HTML DTD that was created using SGML syntax.
Originally defined by Tim Berners-Lee and further developed by the IETF, HTML is now an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). Later HTML specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Early versions of HTML were defined with looser syntactic rules which helped its adoption by those unfamiliar with web publishing. Web browsers commonly made assumptions about intent and proceeded with rendering of the page. Over time, the trend in the official standards has been to create an increasingly strict language syntax; however, browsers still continue to render pages that are far from valid HTML.
XHTML, which applies the stricter rules of XML to HTML to make it easier to process and maintain, is the W3C's successor to HTML. As such, many consider XHTML to be the "current version" of HTML, but it is a separate, parallel standard; the W3C continues to recommend the use of either XHTML 1.1, XHTML 1.0, or HTML 4.01 for web publishing.
The use of HTML can be judged by the fact that thousands of websites are launched everyday on the internet (and all websites use HTML in some way). Another gauge of the popularity of HTML is the fact that there are several books on HTML available in the market and there are several websites that discuss and teach HTML. For example, www.html-code-pulse.be is a website that brings together all the resources and information on HTML. In fact, this website really justifies its name "HTML code pulse".
In computing, HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language designed for the creation of web pages with hypertext and other information to be displayed in a web browser. HTML is used to structure information - denoting certain text as headings, paragraphs, lists and so on - and can be used to describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of a document. HTML's grammar structure is the HTML DTD that was created using SGML syntax.
Originally defined by Tim Berners-Lee and further developed by the IETF, HTML is now an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). Later HTML specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Early versions of HTML were defined with looser syntactic rules which helped its adoption by those unfamiliar with web publishing. Web browsers commonly made assumptions about intent and proceeded with rendering of the page. Over time, the trend in the official standards has been to create an increasingly strict language syntax; however, browsers still continue to render pages that are far from valid HTML.
XHTML, which applies the stricter rules of XML to HTML to make it easier to process and maintain, is the W3C's successor to HTML. As such, many consider XHTML to be the "current version" of HTML, but it is a separate, parallel standard; the W3C continues to recommend the use of either XHTML 1.1, XHTML 1.0, or HTML 4.01 for web publishing.
Source: Free Articles
Kamis, 30 September 2010
What Is Programming
“Developing software”, that is a simple definition of programming. But although it has a simple definition, it is also really difficult to do it. In simple way, we have to connect between computer’s user and computer hardware itself. Computer’s language and human’s language is 180 degree different. If we want to communicate with computer, we have to translate their language into our language. Of course the result of language translation is not dynamic, but static. That’s why, if we want to do a good programming, we have to study many years. When we make program, we have to make a decision how to make a user interface that the computer user can understand easily, or we can call it “User Friendly”. We also have to understand how all computer’s hardware work. The order and the priority of hardware when they do something, that’s what we have to really understand. If we make a good programming code, so the software will run perfectly, but if we make a wrong programming code, so there will be a crash between hardware and software that we were made.
Based on what orientation the programs were made, we can make it on 3 groups: Operating System Programming, Application Programming, and Web Programming. Operating System Programming is the basic programming, but it has the most complexity from all kind of programming. Why? Operating System is the basic software that communicates hardware and computer’s user. So when people want to make an operating system, they have to make sure that all of the program’s tools that they make support what computer’s user need. The example of operating system programming is: Windows Operating System, Apple Operating System, Linux Operating System, and many others. From the entire example, Windows Operating System is the most familiar Operating System for us. How operating system works? When operating system wants to communicate with the machine, they have to connect ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit). May be some of us know about it. ALU is the most difficult language, because it just contain of 2 words: 0 and 1. So, we can also say that Operating System change machine language into the combination of 0 and 1. It is really difficult isn’t it?
Application is part of operating system. That’s why application programming has to communicate to operating system first before it communicates with the machine. Application programming is less complex than operating system programming. The language to make is still difficult, but if we want to learn, we can understand it. Usually the language is used by us in daily such as: “if”, “when”, “until”, “begin”, “end”, and many others. That’s why if we want to find an application programmer that will be easier than find an operating system programmer. In Application programming, a programmer can choose a lot of framework. Framework is kind of language communicate between application and the compiler. Compiler is a translator of application language and operating system language. Compiler is global. All computers know compiler language. But the application language has many kinds. For example: Visual Basic, Java, C++, C, Delphi, and many others. Usually a programmer has a special application language. Some people only really understand Visual Basic Language, but they don’t really understand about Java Language. That’s why there are Java Programmer, Visual Basic Programmer, C++ Programmer and many others.
When we want to connect internationally, web programming is the answer. This kind of programming can communicate all computers’ user in the whole world by “http://” protocol. This kind of protocol is an international standard. So, all computer and operating system will understand about it. Web programming is kind of programming that can only work in browser application, such us Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and many others. If we are internet users, we must be know about it. The purpose of web programming is to make a good interface in Browser Application, so the readers of a site interested and can make a responds to site administrator. Recently, web programming is the most popular programming, because all of the company wants all people in around the world know about their company, or we can call it to advertise their company around the world. This is a really effective advertisement. If we want to do a web programming, we have to understand some language, such as: html, asp.net, javascript, php, asp and many others.
If we talk about the method that a programmers were used to make a program, we can make it on 2 groups: Procedural Programming and Object Oriented Programming. Procedural Programming is the easiest programming method for a programmer. Why? Because procedural programming just contain of some “modul” that make operation, procedure, combination of programming become only one part. This kind of method programming was not effective if the software that was made is large software. Why? Because, if there is some problem on the software, we have to look on the programming code one by one to solve the problem. Therefore, this kind of programming is not popular in software developing. Procedural programming is good for a beginner that wants to learn about programming algorithm and programming basic language. Algorithm is kind of the way we have to do when we will do an operation in programming. If you are a new student in IT Faculty, you will get some lesson about procedural programming.
To solve procedural programming weakness, there is Object Oriented Programming. This kind of programming is more complex than procedural programming. Each operation, procedure, and combination of programming was separated in some part of programming that called “Object”. It means that in one object, handles special operation, method, procedure, and combination. An object can also contain another object. This kind of object is used to collect all of objects that have similar operation. That’s why object oriented programming is easier when we want to make correction on programming code. We just go to the part of operation (object) that have problems and change the programming code. But, object oriented programming is really difficult to understand. We have to really understand how to make an effective operation, procedure, and combination, so the objects that were made can solve all the software need. It will be more effective if one object can solve more than 1 operations. Less objects in the program, it is better for the program (software). By Viktor Mononimbar (Script Maniac) .
Based on what orientation the programs were made, we can make it on 3 groups: Operating System Programming, Application Programming, and Web Programming. Operating System Programming is the basic programming, but it has the most complexity from all kind of programming. Why? Operating System is the basic software that communicates hardware and computer’s user. So when people want to make an operating system, they have to make sure that all of the program’s tools that they make support what computer’s user need. The example of operating system programming is: Windows Operating System, Apple Operating System, Linux Operating System, and many others. From the entire example, Windows Operating System is the most familiar Operating System for us. How operating system works? When operating system wants to communicate with the machine, they have to connect ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit). May be some of us know about it. ALU is the most difficult language, because it just contain of 2 words: 0 and 1. So, we can also say that Operating System change machine language into the combination of 0 and 1. It is really difficult isn’t it?
Application is part of operating system. That’s why application programming has to communicate to operating system first before it communicates with the machine. Application programming is less complex than operating system programming. The language to make is still difficult, but if we want to learn, we can understand it. Usually the language is used by us in daily such as: “if”, “when”, “until”, “begin”, “end”, and many others. That’s why if we want to find an application programmer that will be easier than find an operating system programmer. In Application programming, a programmer can choose a lot of framework. Framework is kind of language communicate between application and the compiler. Compiler is a translator of application language and operating system language. Compiler is global. All computers know compiler language. But the application language has many kinds. For example: Visual Basic, Java, C++, C, Delphi, and many others. Usually a programmer has a special application language. Some people only really understand Visual Basic Language, but they don’t really understand about Java Language. That’s why there are Java Programmer, Visual Basic Programmer, C++ Programmer and many others.
When we want to connect internationally, web programming is the answer. This kind of programming can communicate all computers’ user in the whole world by “http://” protocol. This kind of protocol is an international standard. So, all computer and operating system will understand about it. Web programming is kind of programming that can only work in browser application, such us Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and many others. If we are internet users, we must be know about it. The purpose of web programming is to make a good interface in Browser Application, so the readers of a site interested and can make a responds to site administrator. Recently, web programming is the most popular programming, because all of the company wants all people in around the world know about their company, or we can call it to advertise their company around the world. This is a really effective advertisement. If we want to do a web programming, we have to understand some language, such as: html, asp.net, javascript, php, asp and many others.
If we talk about the method that a programmers were used to make a program, we can make it on 2 groups: Procedural Programming and Object Oriented Programming. Procedural Programming is the easiest programming method for a programmer. Why? Because procedural programming just contain of some “modul” that make operation, procedure, combination of programming become only one part. This kind of method programming was not effective if the software that was made is large software. Why? Because, if there is some problem on the software, we have to look on the programming code one by one to solve the problem. Therefore, this kind of programming is not popular in software developing. Procedural programming is good for a beginner that wants to learn about programming algorithm and programming basic language. Algorithm is kind of the way we have to do when we will do an operation in programming. If you are a new student in IT Faculty, you will get some lesson about procedural programming.
To solve procedural programming weakness, there is Object Oriented Programming. This kind of programming is more complex than procedural programming. Each operation, procedure, and combination of programming was separated in some part of programming that called “Object”. It means that in one object, handles special operation, method, procedure, and combination. An object can also contain another object. This kind of object is used to collect all of objects that have similar operation. That’s why object oriented programming is easier when we want to make correction on programming code. We just go to the part of operation (object) that have problems and change the programming code. But, object oriented programming is really difficult to understand. We have to really understand how to make an effective operation, procedure, and combination, so the objects that were made can solve all the software need. It will be more effective if one object can solve more than 1 operations. Less objects in the program, it is better for the program (software). By Viktor Mononimbar (Script Maniac) .
Kamis, 16 September 2010
A Simple Thread Example
The simple example shown in full on the first page of this lesson defines two classes: SimpleThread and TwoThreadsTest. Let's begin our exploration of the application with the SimpleThread class--a subclass of the Thread class, which is provided by the java.lang package:
The first method in the SimpleThread class is a constructor that takes a String as its only argument. This constructor is implemented by calling a superclass constructor and is interesting to us only because it sets the Thread's name, which is used later in the program.class SimpleThread extends Thread { public SimpleThread(String str) { super(str); } public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { System.out.println(i + " " + getName()); try { sleep((int)(Math.random() * 1000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} } System.out.println("DONE! " + getName()); } }
The next method in the SimpleThread class is the
run()
method. The run()
method is the heart of any Thread and where the action of the Thread takes place. The run()
method of the SimpleThread class contains a for
loop that iterates ten times. In each iteration the method displays the iteration number and the name of the Thread, then sleeps for a random interval of up to 1 second. After the loop has finished, the run()
method prints "DONE!" along with the name of the thread. That's it for the SimpleThread class. The TwoThreadsTest class provides a
main()
method that creates two SimpleThread threads: one is named "Jamaica" and the other is named "Fiji". (If you can't decide on where to go for vacation you can use this program to help you decide--go to the island whose thread prints "DONE!" first.) Theclass TwoThreadsTest { public static void main (String[] args) { new SimpleThread("Jamaica").start(); new SimpleThread("Fiji").start(); } }
main()
method also starts each thread immediately following its construction by calling the start()
method. To save you from typing in this program, click here for the source code to the SimpleThread class and here for the source code to the TwoThreadsTest program. Compile and run the program and watch your vacation fate unfold. You should see output similar to the following: (Looks like I'm going to Fiji!!) Notice how the output from each thread is intermingled with the output from the other. This is because both SimpleThread threads are running concurrently. Thus, both0 Jamaica 0 Fiji 1 Fiji 1 Jamaica 2 Jamaica 2 Fiji 3 Fiji 3 Jamaica 4 Jamaica 4 Fiji 5 Jamaica 5 Fiji 6 Fiji 6 Jamaica 7 Jamaica 7 Fiji 8 Fiji 9 Fiji 8 Jamaica DONE! Fiji 9 Jamaica DONE! Jamaica
run()
methods are running at the same time and each thread is displaying its output at the same time as the other. Try This: Change the main program so that it creates a third thread with the name "Bora Bora". Compile and run the program again. Does this change the island of choice for your vacation? Here's the code for the new main program, which is now named ThreeThreadsTest.
I got This Source Code From : karlin.mff.cuni.cz
I hope you enjoy it on original site. Keep coding, and make some program. Viktor Mononimbar, Source Code Maniac.
I got This Source Code From : karlin.mff.cuni.cz
I hope you enjoy it on original site. Keep coding, and make some program. Viktor Mononimbar, Source Code Maniac.
Jumat, 13 Agustus 2010
Learning Visual Basic 2008 (Really Basic)
If you are really new in Visual Basic and you want to learn about it more, lets begin slowly. Lets make a simple user interface or in programming we called "Form" . In menu file, choose new project and then in new dialog box, choose Windows Form Application.
You can give a special name if you want it. Click "OK" to continue.
Your monitor will be like the picture below :
There are 5 main part windows in that picture, consists of: Toolbox windows, Output Windows, Properties Windows, Project Explorer Windows, and The Design Windows.
Toolbox Windows is used to choose elements that we want to give to the form. The Output Windows display the error list, warning, and messages when the program is ran. Properties Windows is used to set all of the properties in Form, include the elements (text box, label, combo box, option button, button, and many others). And the last is Design Windows. Here you can write your source code, set up the form (position, color, font) and see the result.
For a simple begining, lets drag and drop some elements from Toolbox windows : Button , Text Box, and Label, just 1 for each element.
Make your form like this picture :
To change the Form Title from "Form1" to "Practice1" , just enter to the Properties Windows and then choose Form1 Properties. Find "Text" Properties, and then change it into another word you want to.
Double click Button1 until you a source code windows displayed like this picture:
The scenario is we can set the Text in Label1 based on what we type in TextBox1 when we click Button1. So we have to make sure that we have type a word in TextBox1 before we click Button1.
Type it into your source code windows:
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Me.Label1.Text = Me.TextBox1.Text
End Sub
Me. -> is used to display all elements in form include Form Elements, Local Variable, and Form Properties
Label1.Text -> is used to set the text in the Label named Label1. The name of the Form elements can be changed in properties windows of each form element.
Me.TextBox1.Text -> is used to get the text in the TextBox named TextBox1.
To run your program, you can press F5 in keyboard or you can press Play (Green Button), usually in the top of main windows. If you run it, fill the text box and click the button1 it will be like this picture:
If you want to ask me about it, just give me some comment. You can add more than 1 label or textbox if you want to more practice.
It's simple right. Thats is just a begining for us. If you want to know more about VB and what else can wedo with VB, stay on this site. God Bless. Viktor Mononimbar (VB Maniacs).
Selasa, 03 Agustus 2010
Java, Reading Contact Number In Handphone (Nokia 5300)
This time, I give you source code with java language to read and search contact number on handphone.I learn it in Mobile Computing class. Use midlet to make it, and of course type of the project is Mobile Application. I make this mobile application using Net Bean 6.8.
Here is the code, and enjoy:
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.List;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.pim.Contact;
import javax.microedition.pim.ContactList;
import javax.microedition.pim.PIM;
import javax.microedition.pim.PIMException;
/**
* @author Viktor Mononimbar
*/
public class ContactMidlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener {
private ContactList contList = null;
private Enumeration contacts = null;
private List mNameList;
private Command mExitCommand = new Command("Keluar", Command.EXIT, 0);
private Command mCancelButton = new Command("Batal", Command.CANCEL, 0);
private Command mCariKontak = new Command("Cari", Command.OK, 1);
private Command mCariKontakCommand = new Command("Cari Kontak", Command.OK, 1);
private Form form = null;
private TextField searchText = new TextField("Cari Kontak", "", 20, TextField.ANY);
private StringItem searchMessageString = new StringItem("Hasil:", "");
private Display display;
public ContactMidlet() {
form = new Form("Kontak");
form.append(searchText);
form.append(searchMessageString);
form.addCommand(mCancelButton);
form.addCommand(mCariKontakCommand);
form.setCommandListener(this);
mNameList = new List("List of contacts", List.EXCLUSIVE);
mNameList.addCommand(mCariKontak);
mNameList.addCommand(mExitCommand);
mNameList.setCommandListener(this);
// form.append(mNameList);
loadContact();
}
private void loadContact() {
this.cariKontak("");
}
private void showList() {
}
public void startApp() {
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
display.setCurrent(mNameList);
}
public void pauseApp() {
}
public void destroyApp(boolean flg) {
}
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {
if (c == mExitCommand) {
destroyApp(true);
notifyDestroyed();
} else if (c == mCariKontak) {
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
display.setCurrent(form);
} else if (c == mCariKontakCommand) {
cariKontak(this.searchText.getString());
} else if (c == mCancelButton) {
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
display.setCurrent(mNameList);
}
}
private void cariKontak(String kriteria) {
PIM pimInst = PIM.getInstance();
this.mNameList.deleteAll();
this.searchMessageString.setText("Sedang Memuat..");
boolean ketemu = false;
try {
contList = (ContactList) pimInst.openPIMList(PIM.CONTACT_LIST, PIM.READ_ONLY);
contacts = contList.items();
} catch (PIMException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
if (contacts == null) {
return;
}
while (contacts.hasMoreElements()) {
try {
Contact tCont = (Contact) contacts.nextElement();
String[] nameValues = tCont.getStringArray(Contact.NAME, 0);
if (nameValues != null) {
String firstName = "", lastName = "";
String gabung = "";
if (nameValues.length > 0) {
lastName = nameValues[Contact.NAME_FAMILY];
lastName = lastName == null ? "" : lastName;
gabung += lastName;
}
if (nameValues.length > 1) {
firstName = nameValues[Contact.NAME_GIVEN];
firstName = firstName == null ? "" : firstName;
gabung += " " + firstName;
}
int phoneNumbers = tCont.countValues(Contact.TEL);
System.out.println("jumlah : " + phoneNumbers);
String telepon = "";
for (int i = 0; i < phoneNumbers; i++) {
if ((tCont.getAttributes(Contact.TEL, i) != 0) & Contact.ATTR_HOME != 0) {
// Home number
telepon += tCont.getString(Contact.TEL, i);
}
}
if (kriteria.length() > 0) {
if (gabung.toLowerCase().indexOf(kriteria.toLowerCase()) >= 0) {
mNameList.append(lastName + ", " + firstName + " " + telepon, null);
ketemu = true;
}
} else {
mNameList.append(lastName + ", " + firstName + " " + telepon, null);
ketemu = true;
}
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
//mNameList.append(ex.getMessage(), null);
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ketemu) {
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
display.setCurrent(mNameList);
} else {
this.searchMessageString.setText("Tidak ada yang mirip!.");
}
}
}
I hope you enjoy it. Viktor Mononimbar Source Code Maniac.
Here is the code, and enjoy:
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.List;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.pim.Contact;
import javax.microedition.pim.ContactList;
import javax.microedition.pim.PIM;
import javax.microedition.pim.PIMException;
/**
* @author Viktor Mononimbar
*/
public class ContactMidlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener {
private ContactList contList = null;
private Enumeration contacts = null;
private List mNameList;
private Command mExitCommand = new Command("Keluar", Command.EXIT, 0);
private Command mCancelButton = new Command("Batal", Command.CANCEL, 0);
private Command mCariKontak = new Command("Cari", Command.OK, 1);
private Command mCariKontakCommand = new Command("Cari Kontak", Command.OK, 1);
private Form form = null;
private TextField searchText = new TextField("Cari Kontak", "", 20, TextField.ANY);
private StringItem searchMessageString = new StringItem("Hasil:", "");
private Display display;
public ContactMidlet() {
form = new Form("Kontak");
form.append(searchText);
form.append(searchMessageString);
form.addCommand(mCancelButton);
form.addCommand(mCariKontakCommand);
form.setCommandListener(this);
mNameList = new List("List of contacts", List.EXCLUSIVE);
mNameList.addCommand(mCariKontak);
mNameList.addCommand(mExitCommand);
mNameList.setCommandListener(this);
// form.append(mNameList);
loadContact();
}
private void loadContact() {
this.cariKontak("");
}
private void showList() {
}
public void startApp() {
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
display.setCurrent(mNameList);
}
public void pauseApp() {
}
public void destroyApp(boolean flg) {
}
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {
if (c == mExitCommand) {
destroyApp(true);
notifyDestroyed();
} else if (c == mCariKontak) {
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
display.setCurrent(form);
} else if (c == mCariKontakCommand) {
cariKontak(this.searchText.getString());
} else if (c == mCancelButton) {
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
display.setCurrent(mNameList);
}
}
private void cariKontak(String kriteria) {
PIM pimInst = PIM.getInstance();
this.mNameList.deleteAll();
this.searchMessageString.setText("Sedang Memuat..");
boolean ketemu = false;
try {
contList = (ContactList) pimInst.openPIMList(PIM.CONTACT_LIST, PIM.READ_ONLY);
contacts = contList.items();
} catch (PIMException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
if (contacts == null) {
return;
}
while (contacts.hasMoreElements()) {
try {
Contact tCont = (Contact) contacts.nextElement();
String[] nameValues = tCont.getStringArray(Contact.NAME, 0);
if (nameValues != null) {
String firstName = "", lastName = "";
String gabung = "";
if (nameValues.length > 0) {
lastName = nameValues[Contact.NAME_FAMILY];
lastName = lastName == null ? "" : lastName;
gabung += lastName;
}
if (nameValues.length > 1) {
firstName = nameValues[Contact.NAME_GIVEN];
firstName = firstName == null ? "" : firstName;
gabung += " " + firstName;
}
int phoneNumbers = tCont.countValues(Contact.TEL);
System.out.println("jumlah : " + phoneNumbers);
String telepon = "";
for (int i = 0; i < phoneNumbers; i++) {
if ((tCont.getAttributes(Contact.TEL, i) != 0) & Contact.ATTR_HOME != 0) {
// Home number
telepon += tCont.getString(Contact.TEL, i);
}
}
if (kriteria.length() > 0) {
if (gabung.toLowerCase().indexOf(kriteria.toLowerCase()) >= 0) {
mNameList.append(lastName + ", " + firstName + " " + telepon, null);
ketemu = true;
}
} else {
mNameList.append(lastName + ", " + firstName + " " + telepon, null);
ketemu = true;
}
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
//mNameList.append(ex.getMessage(), null);
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ketemu) {
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
display.setCurrent(mNameList);
} else {
this.searchMessageString.setText("Tidak ada yang mirip!.");
}
}
}
I hope you enjoy it. Viktor Mononimbar Source Code Maniac.
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